Portfolio presentation of published journalism. Original article: BBC News Brasil
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Investigation

Secret budget amendment funded forced labor

Orçamento secreto: como emenda apoiada por Hugo Motta foi parar em obra com produto de trabalho escravo

Political favor channeled state resources to a paving project supplied by slave laborers in a Brazilian quarry

Luiz Fernando Toledo BBC News Brasil from Juazeirinho, Paraíba 12 May 2025 | 12 de maio de 2025

At age 57, Cláudio (a pseudonym) says he has accumulated almost half a century of experience in the trade of cutting stone. He says he has worked his whole life, since childhood, in various states after learning the trade from his parents, until he arrived in Taperoá, in the backlands of Paraíba, where he found work in a quarry in the rural zone.

Without training from employers, Cláudio did not use protective equipment, although the activity is risky and includes even the use of explosives. The ultimate aim of the industry is to produce stones of the type paving block to be used mainly in paving works.

Quarry workers and conditions

Degrading working conditions

When not cutting stone under the sun, the worker was housed in an improvised shack on site, with dirt floor, rustic wooden structure covered with tarp and pieces of plastic.

After working nine hours a day, he slept on pieces of old foam or car seats improvised as beds. His and his colleagues' belongings were scattered across the floor. The food he ate was kept in the open air and preparation was done in an improvised stone structure on the ground, with fire and firewood. Since there was no bathroom, he did his business in the woods. Baths were taken in puddles formed by rain on the rocks.

The working conditions to which he was subjected, recorded in writing, were considered degrading and his employer was cited by the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) in June 2024 for keeping workers in conditions analogous to slavery. Cláudio and three other workers were rescued.

Workers accommodations

From quarry to public works

The stones cut by him integrated a portion of the production chain of what would become known as the largest paving project in the history of a city neighboring the quarry, Juazeirinho, also in Paraíba, led by the city's mayor and supported by a parliamentarian who today is one of the country's most powerful authorities: federal deputy and president of the Chamber of Deputies Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB).

Paving project

The secret budget at work

BBC News Brasil identified that the political origin of the resource that financed the contract with the company—the one that bought the stones produced by workers in conditions analogous to slavery—is linked to two parliamentarians from the same state.

In the Transparency Portal the money is attributed to a relator amendment, the technical name for what became popularly known as the secret budget, a device part of the General Budget of the Union, whose destination is chosen by parliamentarians without transparency, based on political agreements and whose publicity is at the discretion of the parliamentarian themselves.

After a determination from the Federal Supreme Court (STF), Congress began disclosing the names of those who supported the indication of these relator amendments, based on information disclosed by the parliamentarians themselves.

In response sent via the Law of Access to Information to BBC News Brasil, the Chamber of Deputies provided two official letters requesting the release of resources from this amendment to Juazeirinho, sent by senator Veneziano Vital do Rego (MDB-PB) in 2024, and also by federal deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), already as president of the Chamber in April of this year.

"Tem quase cinquenta anos que eu mexo com pedra e eu não tenho riqueza. O senhor [repórter] entrou na minha casa lá, é humilde. Moro de aluguel e vivo com menos de um salário [mínimo]."

Haroldo dos Santos Alves, quarry operator
Hugo Motta political infrastructure

The chain of responsibility

Haroldo dos Santos Alves, 59 years old, was an intermediary in the production chain and claims that he profited nothing from the undertaking. The majority of the profit from stone sales, according to him, went to the company that applied them in municipal works, the Realizar Construction Company, whose name was not included on the dirty list.

"I've been working with stone for almost fifty years and I don't have wealth. You [reporter] entered my house there, it's humble. I live in rental and I live with less than a minimum wage," he said.

Almost a year has passed since the operation, which halted the quarry, and Haroldo said he has not been able to regularize the quarry or find other work, only odd jobs. "I rent and live with less than a salary."

The contractor cited, Realizar, has a contract with the Juazeirinho municipal government worth R$ 1.9 million, from resources of an agreement with Caixa Econômica Federal, for paving works in the city. Although Haroldo was held responsible for the harm caused to workers, the termination was paid by an attorney and representative of the Realizar contractor, Jorge Ramos—about R$ 32,000 in total. The company was not included on the dirty list.

Jorge Ramos and contractor representative

The contractor's argument

Jorge Ramos, attorney and representative of Realizar Construction, told BBC News Brasil that, although the company was the only one cited in the Ministry of Labor and Employment violation, "there were several other companies that could have been called," without naming them.

The ministry report, based on accounts from the employer Haroldo and the rescued workers, states that all quarry production "was being destined for street paving in the city of Juazeirinho" and that the contractor represented by Jorge Ramos was the "main recipient."

He believes that responsibility for any irregularities should extend to whoever contracts the service. "If you have a contract linked with municipality, state or with federal government and all these entities are aware that for the execution of paving with paving blocks it will have to be extraction in the quarry, why isn't this inspected from top to bottom, rather than bottom to top?"

Ramos admitted, however, that the reality of these quarries "is really something difficult to see." For Ramos, one of the reasons why there is no inspection of the origin of the stones is the value of the bids, which he considers low. "The prices for companies are horrible, consequently the purchase will also be horrible and who pays the most in fact is the worker who is there extracting. The company does not agree with this type of situation, but unfortunately it is the situation that the region has as available."

Political partnership announcement

Political partnership and parliamentary favors

Juazeirinho is a municipality with little more than 17,000 inhabitants located in the Campina Grande region of Paraíba. The current mayor, Anna Virginia Matias (Republicanos), in her second term, comes from a traditional family in city politics. Her uncle, Bevilacqua Matias, was mayor. Her grandfather, Genival Matias de Oliveira, was a judge and vice-mayor. Her father, Genival Matias Filho, was a state deputy.

It was from Anna Virginia's position at the head of the prefecture that a political partnership with federal deputy Hugo Motta was consolidated, also from Paraíba and with roots in the region: his father, Narbor Wanderley, is mayor of Patos, less than 100 km from Juazeirinho.

The pair came together still in 2021 and, since then, the federal deputy has directed a series of parliamentary amendments to the municipality, ranging from paving works to health investments, always with the disclosure of this support on social media.

"Hugo Motta has always been a great deputy, an essential partner to our city, someone who never measured efforts to bring investments and improvements to our people. Now, as president of the Chamber of Deputies, I am sure that he will do even more."

Anna Virginia Matias, Mayor of Juazeirinho
Electoral boost and political promotion

Electoral benefits

When Motta was elected president of the Chamber of Deputies in February 2025, Anna Virginia did not spare praise: "Hugo Motta has always been a great deputy, an essential partner of our city, someone who never measured efforts to bring investments and improvements to our people. Now, as president of the Chamber of Deputies, I am sure that he will do even more, with his skill in dialogue, commitment and attentive look to the municipalities."

The exchange of praise is mutual. The deputy visited Juazeirinho in August 2024 to support Anna Virginia Matias's campaign for reelection. "Having a mayor like you in our party (Republicanos) is a reason for joy, for pride, because you are one of the best mayors in all of Paraíba."

In the same speech supporting the mayor, Motta highlighted that she "has done the largest street paving program" and left a promise in the air: "by the end of your second term, we will leave Juazeirinho 100% paved, ending the dust, the mud at people's doors."

17
Votes for Hugo Motta in 2010
4,500+
Votes in 2022
R$ 1.9M
Contract value for paving project

In 2010, when first elected as federal deputy, Hugo Motta received only 17 votes in Juazeirinho. In 2022, more than 4,500, according to open data from the Superior Electoral Court (TSE).

Project completion and honor ceremony

Hidden costs of political favors

In late 2023, Hugo Motta was honored personally in Juazeirinho with the title of citizen of the municipality, with special emphasis on street paving works. The ceremony featured a moment when a plaque was revealed with the names of streets with delivery of these works, including roads that are part of the contract with Realizar Construction, the same mentioned in the Ministry of Labor and Employment report.

At the bottom of the plaque appear the names of the mayor, her deputy, the city infrastructure secretary and Motta's.

When BBC News Brasil asked Motta and the senator about the allegations, both declined to comment.